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When most people think about constipation, they picture bloating, hard stools or not being able to go to the toilet. But what many people don't realise is that constipation can also contribute to pelvic pain. If you've been experiencing aching in your pelvis, pain around your tailbone, discomfort with sitting, bladder urgency or even pain during sex, your bowel could be playing a much bigger role than you think. The good news? Once constipation is identified and treated, many people notice improvements not only in their bowel habits but in other pelvic symptoms as well. Can constipation really cause pelvic pain? Yes. Constipation can contribute to pelvic pain in several ways. When stool remains in the bowel for too long, it becomes larger, drier and more difficult to pass. This can place extra pressure on the muscles, nerves and organs within the pelvis. Over time, repeated straining or difficulty emptying the bowels may also affect how your pelvic floor muscles function. The result? Pain, tension and symptoms that extend well beyond the bowel itself. How are the bowel and pelvic floor connected? Your pelvic floor muscles form a supportive sling at the base of your pelvis. These muscles help control: bowel movements bladder function support for your pelvic organs sexual function pressure within your abdomen. When it's time to have a bowel motion, your pelvic floor should relax and lengthen to allow stool to pass comfortably. If these muscles remain tight or don't coordinate well, emptying can become more difficult. In some people, constipation leads to increased pelvic floor tension. In others, an overactive pelvic floor contributes to constipation in the first place. Often, it's a combination of both. Signs your constipation may be contributing to pelvic pain Everyone experiences constipation differently. In addition to infrequent bowel motions, you might notice: aching or heaviness in the pelvis pain around the tailbone lower abdominal discomfort pain with prolonged sitting bladder urgency or frequency pain during or after bowel motions discomfort during sex a feeling that you can't completely empty your bowels. These symptoms don't automatically mean constipation is the cause, but they're clues that your bowel and pelvic floor deserve a closer look. The hidden role of straining Many people think straining is simply part of being constipated. It isn't. Repeatedly straining to empty your bowels places extra pressure on your pelvic floor and surrounding tissues. Over time, this may contribute to: pelvic pain haemorrhoids anal fissures pelvic organ prolapse bladder symptoms increased pelvic floor muscle tension. Learning to empty your bowels without excessive straining is an important part of pelvic health. Could your pelvic floor be making constipation worse? Yes. Some people have a pelvic floor that doesn't relax properly during a bowel motion. Instead of opening and lengthening, the muscles tighten or contract, making it difficult for stool to pass. This is sometimes referred to as dyssynergic defecation or pelvic floor dyssynergia, and it can lead to: prolonged time on the toilet excessive straining incomplete emptying repeated constipation despite eating enough fibre and drinking plenty of water. This is one reason why constipation doesn't always improve with diet alone. It's not always about eating more fibre Increasing fibre is often helpful—but it's not the answer for everyone. If your pelvic floor muscles aren't coordinating properly, adding more fibre without addressing the underlying issue may leave you feeling even more bloated or uncomfortable. That's why it's important to understand why you're constipated rather than simply treating the symptom. How can a pelvic floor physiotherapist help? Pelvic floor physiotherapists regularly assess and treat constipation that's related to pelvic floor dysfunction. Your assessment may include: bowel habits toileting posture pelvic floor muscle function muscle relaxation and coordination breathing patterns abdominal muscle function lifestyle factors. Treatment may involve: education about healthy bowel habits improving toileting posture breathing techniques to reduce straining pelvic floor relaxation training strategies to improve bowel emptying exercises to restore muscle coordination. If needed, your physiotherapist may also work alongside your GP, gastroenterologist or colorectal specialist to ensure all contributing factors are addressed. When should you seek help? It's worth seeing a healthcare professional if you: have constipation lasting more than a few weeks regularly strain to pass bowel motions feel like you can't empty completely experience pelvic pain alongside constipation notice blood in your stool (this should always be medically assessed) develop new or unexplained bowel symptoms. Early assessment can help prevent constipation from becoming a long-term cycle. Frequently Asked Questions Can constipation cause pelvic pain? Yes. Constipation can increase pressure within the pelvis, contribute to pelvic floor muscle tension and lead to pain around the pelvis, tailbone or lower abdomen. However, pelvic pain has many possible causes, so an assessment is important to identify what's contributing to your symptoms. Can constipation make bladder symptoms worse? It can. A full bowel may place additional pressure on the bladder, and constipation is associated with symptoms such as urinary urgency, frequency and bladder leakage in some people. Can pelvic floor physiotherapy help constipation? Yes. If pelvic floor dysfunction or poor muscle coordination is contributing to constipation, pelvic floor physiotherapy may help improve bowel emptying, reduce straining and relieve associated symptoms. Treatment is tailored to the individual and often forms part of a broader management plan. The Bottom Line Constipation is about more than how often you go to the toilet. For many people, it can contribute to pelvic pain, bladder symptoms and ongoing pelvic floor dysfunction that affects everyday life. If you've been treating constipation without success—or you're living with pelvic pain and haven't considered your bowel—it's worth looking at the bigger picture. You don't have to live with constipation or pelvic pain. Our pelvic health physiotherapists can assess how your bowel and pelvic floor are working together and develop a personalised treatment plan to help you move, sit and go to the toilet more comfortably.

Have you ever noticed that when your gut is playing up, your bladder seems worse too? Or that constipation seems to make your pelvic pain flare? Maybe you've spent months treating your digestive symptoms, but no one has ever asked about your pelvic floor. You're not alone. One of the biggest misconceptions is that the gut, bladder and pelvic floor are separate systems. In reality, they work together every single day. When one isn't functioning well, the others often feel the effects. Understanding this connection can be the missing piece for people who have been struggling with symptoms that never seem to improve completely. What is the pelvic floor? Your pelvic floor is a group of muscles that sits like a supportive hammock at the base of your pelvis. These muscles play an important role in: controlling your bladder and bowel supporting your pelvic organs contributing to sexual function coordinating with your breathing and core muscles helping you empty your bladder and bowels. The pelvic floor isn't just about stopping leaks—it's involved in almost everything that happens within your pelvis. So how are the gut and pelvic floor connected? Every time you have a bowel motion, your gut and pelvic floor need to work as a team. As stool moves through your bowel, your pelvic floor muscles should relax and lengthen to allow it to pass comfortably. If the muscles don't relax properly—or if they're constantly tense—emptying your bowels can become difficult. Likewise, ongoing constipation or repeated straining can place extra stress on the pelvic floor, sometimes contributing to pain, bladder symptoms or feelings of pelvic heaviness. It's a two-way relationship: Gut problems can affect the pelvic floor. Pelvic floor dysfunction can affect the gut. Constipation is more than a bowel problem Many people think constipation simply means not going to the toilet often enough. But constipation can also cause: pelvic pain lower abdominal discomfort bladder urgency bladder leakage pain during bowel motions a feeling of incomplete emptying. A full bowel can place pressure on nearby structures, including the bladder, while repeated straining can overload the pelvic floor muscles. This is why improving bowel health is often an important part of treating pelvic floor symptoms. Bloating isn't "just bloating" If your abdomen feels swollen or uncomfortable most days, your pelvic floor may also be working harder than it needs to. When your abdomen is under increased pressure—whether from bloating, constipation or repeated straining—the pelvic floor has to respond. Over time, this may contribute to muscle fatigue, overactivity or poor coordination in some people. Bloating itself has many possible causes, so it's important to identify what's driving the symptom rather than assuming it's purely digestive. Your bowel can affect your bladder Have you ever noticed you need to wee more often when you're constipated? You're not imagining it. A bowel that's full of stool can place pressure on the bladder, reducing the amount of urine it comfortably holds. Some people notice: needing to urinate more frequently sudden urinary urgency difficulty emptying their bladder bladder leakage. Treating constipation may improve these symptoms for some people, although bladder problems can have multiple contributing factors. The role of the pelvic floor Sometimes the gut isn't the primary problem. Instead, the pelvic floor muscles don't relax properly when it's time to empty the bowel. This can make it feel like: you have to strain stool gets "stuck" you never empty completely you're spending a long time on the toilet. Even with plenty of fibre and water, bowel motions may still be difficult if the muscles aren't coordinating effectively. Why treating just one symptom isn't always enough Imagine trying to fix a bicycle by pumping up the tyres when the chain has fallen off. You might improve one problem, but the bike still won't work properly. The same applies to pelvic health. Treating constipation without addressing pelvic floor dysfunction—or focusing only on the bladder while ignoring bowel habits—may mean important pieces of the puzzle are missed. Looking at the whole system often leads to better long-term outcomes. How can a pelvic floor physiotherapist help? A pelvic floor physiotherapist looks at how your bladder, bowel, pelvic floor and breathing work together. Your assessment may include: bowel habits bladder symptoms pelvic floor muscle function breathing patterns toileting posture abdominal muscle coordination lifestyle factors that may influence your symptoms. Treatment is tailored to your needs and may include: bowel habit education pelvic floor muscle training or relaxation breathing and pressure management strategies to reduce straining improving toileting posture bladder retraining where appropriate. If your symptoms suggest an underlying gastrointestinal condition or another medical issue, your physiotherapist may also recommend assessment by your GP or an appropriate specialist. Frequently Asked Questions Can constipation affect the pelvic floor? Yes. Constipation can increase pressure within the pelvis, lead to repeated straining and contribute to changes in how the pelvic floor muscles function. In some cases, pelvic floor dysfunction can also make constipation worse. Can gut problems cause bladder symptoms? They can. Constipation, in particular, can place pressure on the bladder and contribute to symptoms such as urinary urgency and frequency. However, bladder symptoms have many possible causes, so a proper assessment is important. Can pelvic floor physiotherapy help bowel problems? If pelvic floor dysfunction is contributing to constipation or difficulty emptying the bowels, pelvic floor physiotherapy can help improve muscle coordination, toileting habits and bowel function as part of a personalised treatment plan. The Bottom Line Your gut and pelvic floor aren't separate systems—they're teammates. When one isn't functioning well, the other often has to compensate. That's why symptoms like constipation, bloating, bladder urgency and pelvic pain frequently occur together. Instead of treating each symptom in isolation, it's worth looking at how your body is working as a whole. If you're dealing with ongoing bowel, bladder or pelvic symptoms, our pelvic health physiotherapists can help uncover the connection and create a personalised treatment plan that addresses the root cause—not just the symptoms.

"Your tests are normal." For many people experiencing pain during sex, these words are both reassuring and incredibly frustrating. On one hand, it's good news that there isn't an infection, tear, or serious medical condition. But on the other hand, you're still left wondering: "If everything is normal... why does it hurt so much?" The reality is that pain during sex is common, but it's not something you should simply put up with. And importantly, normal test results don't mean your pain isn't real. In many cases, pain during sex is related to how the muscles, nerves, and tissues are functioning—not just how they look. Is it normal for sex to hurt? No. While temporary discomfort can happen from time to time, pain that is ongoing, recurrent, or causes you to avoid intimacy is not considered normal . Pain during sex can affect people of all ages and may occur: at the entrance of the vagina with deeper penetration during certain positions after intercourse or even for hours afterwards. No matter where or when it occurs, persistent pain deserves assessment. Why can everything look "normal" but still hurt? Many conditions that cause pain don't show up on scans, blood tests, or routine examinations. Think about a tension headache. Your brain scan would usually be normal—but that doesn't make the pain any less real. The same can happen with the pelvic floor. Your muscles may be: overly tight difficult to relax sensitive to touch uncoordinated protecting the area after previous pain, injury, childbirth, or surgery. These changes are about function , not necessarily structure. The pelvic floor's role in painful sex Your pelvic floor muscles form a supportive sling at the base of your pelvis. For comfortable penetration, these muscles need to: relax lengthen coordinate with breathing respond appropriately to movement. If they remain tense or become protective, penetration may feel: sharp burning stretching like "hitting a wall" or simply impossible. This doesn't mean the muscles are weak—it often means they're working too hard. Stress can affect your pelvic floor Stress doesn't just affect your mind—it affects your body. When we're stressed or anxious, we often unconsciously: clench our jaw tense our shoulders hold our breath tighten our abdominal muscles brace our pelvic floor. Over time, this constant muscle guarding can contribute to persistent pelvic tension and discomfort. That doesn't mean the pain is psychological. It means your nervous system and muscles are closely connected. Other factors that may contribute Pain during sex is often influenced by more than one factor. These may include: previous painful experiences childbirth pelvic surgery hormonal changes endometriosis bladder pain bowel dysfunction constipation menopause skin conditions nerve sensitivity persistent muscle tension. A thorough assessment considers all of these—not just one possible cause. "It's all in your head"—a harmful myth One of the most upsetting things people hear is that because their tests are normal, the pain must be psychological. That's simply not true. Pain is always real. Even when scans or examinations don't identify a structural problem, your nervous system, muscles, connective tissues, and movement patterns can all contribute to ongoing symptoms. Understanding what's driving your pain is the first step towards improving it. How can a pelvic floor physiotherapist help? A pelvic floor physiotherapist doesn't just look for weakness. They assess how your pelvic floor muscles: relax contract coordinate respond during breathing and movement contribute to your symptoms. Depending on your individual needs, treatment may include: education about pelvic pain breathing and relaxation strategies pelvic floor muscle down-training gentle manual therapy where appropriate movement and stretching exercises bladder and bowel advice strategies to reduce muscle guarding. If another condition is suspected, your physiotherapist may also work alongside your GP, gynaecologist, or other healthcare providers to ensure you receive comprehensive care. Frequently Asked Questions Can tight pelvic floor muscles cause pain during sex? Yes. An overactive or tight pelvic floor can make it difficult for the muscles to relax during penetration, contributing to pain or discomfort. A pelvic floor assessment can determine whether muscle tension is playing a role. Why do my scans keep coming back normal? Many causes of painful sex relate to how muscles and nerves function rather than changes that appear on imaging. Normal scans are reassuring, but they don't rule out pelvic floor dysfunction or other functional causes of pain. Should I keep having sex if it hurts? Persistent pain during sex shouldn't be ignored. Continuing to push through pain can sometimes reinforce muscle guarding and fear of pain. It's important to seek assessment so the underlying cause can be identified and managed appropriately. The Bottom Line Pain during sex is common—but it isn't something you have to accept as "normal." If you've been told that everything looks fine but intimacy is still painful, know that your experience is valid. Many causes of painful sex involve the way your muscles, nerves, and tissues are functioning, and these issues often won't show up on routine tests. A pelvic floor physiotherapist can help identify the factors contributing to your symptoms and work with you to develop a personalised treatment plan, so you can move towards comfortable, confident intimacy again. You deserve answers—not just reassurance that your tests are normal. If pain during sex is affecting your quality of life or relationships, book an assessment with one of our pelvic health physiotherapists to take the first step towards understanding and treating the cause.

You're halfway through a workout. Maybe it's a box jump, a heavy lift, a sprint, or even just a big laugh during your fitness class. Then it happens. A small leak of urine. Many people brush it off as "normal after having kids" or assume it's simply the price of staying active. Others stop running, avoid jumping, or give up the sports they love altogether. Here's the truth: Leaking during exercise is common—but it isn't normal, and it isn't something you should have to accept. More importantly, it doesn't always mean you have a weak pelvic floor. Why do I leak urine when I exercise? Exercise places extra pressure on your bladder and pelvic floor. Every time you jump, run, cough, lift, or land, the pressure inside your abdomen increases. Your pelvic floor needs to respond at exactly the right time to help support your bladder and keep you dry. If that system isn't working efficiently, urine leakage can occur. This is known as stress urinary incontinence—the leakage of urine during activities that increase pressure on the bladder. Does leaking mean my pelvic floor is weak? Not always. This is one of the biggest misconceptions we see. While reduced pelvic floor strength can contribute to bladder leakage, it's only one piece of the puzzle. Your pelvic floor may also be: lacking coordination or timing unable to relax properly between contractions working too hard and becoming fatigued struggling to manage pressure during exercise affected by previous pregnancy, childbirth, surgery or hormonal changes. Think of it like your calf muscles. Even if they're strong, they won't help you run efficiently if they don't contract at the right time or coordinate with the rest of your body. The pelvic floor works the same way. Why does it only happen during certain exercises? You might notice leakage when you: run jump skip lift heavy weights do burpees sneeze during a workout play netball, basketball or tennis trampoline with your kids. These activities create higher forces through your body, meaning your pelvic floor needs to react more quickly and effectively. Leaking during high-impact exercise doesn't necessarily mean you'll leak during everyday activities. I only leak a little—is that okay? Even a few drops matter. Small leaks are often dismissed because they're manageable, but they can be an early sign that your pelvic floor or pressure management system isn't functioning as efficiently as it could. Addressing symptoms early is often easier than waiting until they become more frequent or start affecting your lifestyle. What if I've never had children? You don't need to have been pregnant to experience bladder leakage. We also see leakage in: runners gym-goers dancers gymnasts CrossFit athletes women going through perimenopause or menopause men after prostate surgery people with chronic coughs or constipation. Pelvic floor dysfunction can affect anyone. Should I stop exercising? In most cases, no. Exercise is incredibly important for your physical and mental health, and the goal isn't to avoid movement—it's to understand why you're leaking and address the underlying cause. Sometimes small changes to technique, breathing, exercise selection or training load can make a significant difference while you're working on improving pelvic floor function. How can a pelvic floor physiotherapist help? A pelvic floor assessment looks far beyond whether you can do a Kegel. Your physiotherapist may assess: pelvic floor muscle strength muscle relaxation and coordination breathing patterns pressure management movement during exercise lifting technique bowel and bladder habits lifestyle factors contributing to symptoms. Treatment is tailored to your body and goals and may include: pelvic floor muscle training (when appropriate) learning how to coordinate your pelvic floor with movement breathing and pressure management strategies progressive return to impact activities exercise modifications while symptoms improve education to help you train with confidence. The aim isn't simply to stop the leaking—it's to help you return to the activities you enjoy without fear or embarrassment. When should you seek help? It's worth booking an assessment if you: leak during running, jumping or lifting wear a pad to exercise "just in case" avoid certain workouts because of leakage notice your symptoms are becoming more frequent feel pressure or heaviness during exercise have tried Kegels without improvement. You don't have to wait until the problem becomes severe. Frequently Asked Questions Is it normal to leak urine when exercising? No. Although it's common, leaking urine during exercise isn't considered a normal part of ageing, childbirth or fitness. It's a sign that your bladder and pelvic floor would benefit from assessment. Can pelvic floor exercises stop bladder leakage? For many people, pelvic floor muscle training is an effective treatment. However, not everyone with bladder leakage needs strengthening exercises. Some people require training to improve coordination, relaxation or pressure management instead. Can I keep exercising if I leak? In most cases, yes. Staying active is important. A pelvic floor physiotherapist can help identify why you're leaking and guide you on how to continue exercising safely while addressing the underlying issue. The Bottom Line Leaking during exercise isn't something you should ignore—or simply accept because you've had children or are getting older. Whether it's a few drops during a jog or enough to make you avoid your favourite workout, there's usually a reason it's happening, and effective treatment is available. The first step is understanding why you're leaking. From there, a personalised assessment can help you build the strength, coordination and confidence to move freely again. You shouldn't have to choose between staying active and staying dry. If bladder leakage is holding you back, book an assessment with one of our pelvic health physiotherapists and let us help you get back to exercising with confidence.

Hormone therapy can bring many positive changes, but it can also influence how your body feels and functions, including your pelvic health. Changes to bladder, bowel, sexual health and pelvic pain can occur as your body adapts to different hormone levels. For people taking testosterone, lower oestrogen levels can affect the tissues of the vagina and vulva, sometimes causing dryness, irritation, discomfort with penetration or changes in bladder function. Some people may also experience increased pelvic floor muscle tension, which can contribute to pelvic pain, bowel or bladder concerns, or discomfort during intimacy. For people taking oestrogen, changes in sexual function can occur as the body adjusts to treatment. This may include changes in libido, arousal, erections or ejaculation. After gender affirming surgery, pelvic health physiotherapy can also support recovery by helping with pelvic floor function, bladder and bowel health, scar management and vaginal dilation where appropriate. These changes do not happen to everyone, but if something feels different, uncomfortable or is affecting your daily life, it is worth paying attention to. Pelvic health physiotherapy can help you understand what may be contributing to your symptoms and provide practical strategies to improve comfort and function. Your body is constantly changing, and hormone therapy is one part of that picture. Understanding those changes can help you feel more informed and confident in looking after your pelvic health.

Encopresis is when a child regularly soils their underwear after the age they would usually be toilet trained. For many children, this happens because of long-term constipation, stool withholding, or reduced awareness of the body’s signals that tell them they need to do a poo. When stool builds up in the bowel over time, the rectum can stretch and become less sensitive. This means children may not feel the urge to go, and softer stool can leak around the blockage without them realising. This can be frustrating and upsetting for both children and parents, but it is very common and treatable. Pelvic health physiotherapy can play an important role in helping children manage encopresis by improving bowel habits, supporting healthy toileting routines, and helping the bowel return to normal function. Treatment may include: Education for both parents and children about how the bowel works and why soiling happens Helping children develop regular toilet routines, especially after meals when the bowel is naturally more active Improving toilet posture, including correct foot support and positioning, to make bowel motions easier to pass Teaching breathing and relaxation strategies to reduce straining, fear, or withholding behaviours Supporting children to better recognise body signals and respond to the urge to open their bowels Addressing pelvic floor muscle tension or coordination difficulties that may affect bowel emptying Working through sensory challenges, toileting anxiety, or distractions that may contribute to accidents Pelvic health physiotherapy is gentle, supportive, and child-focused. Appointments are designed to help children feel safe and comfortable while also giving parents practical strategies to use at home. The goal is to reduce accidents, improve bowel emptying, and make toileting a less stressful experience for the whole family. With patience and the right support, children can regain confidence and work toward long-term healthy bowel habits.

Bedwetting, also known as nocturnal enuresis, is very common in children. It is rarely intentional and is usually part of normal development, especially when children sleep very deeply and do not wake to bladder signals. There are a few reasons this can happen. Some children produce more urine overnight, some have a smaller bladder capacity, and others are still developing the brain–bladder connection needed to recognise and respond to a full bladder during sleep. It can also run in families, so a family history of bedwetting is common. A bedwetting alarm is one of the most effective treatment options. It works by detecting moisture as soon as wetting starts and then sounding or vibrating to wake the child. The aim is for the child to wake, stop urinating, and finish in the toilet. Over time, this helps train the brain to respond earlier to bladder signals during sleep. In the beginning, many children do not wake fully to the alarm and may need a parent to help them get up and use the toilet. With consistent use, this response usually improves, and children gradually start waking on their own. It is important that bedwetting is managed with patience and reassurance. It is not a behaviour issue, and children are not doing it on purpose. Pressure or punishment can make things more stressful and does not help with progress. Alongside alarm use, simple bladder habits can support progress, such as regular daytime toileting, good fluid intake earlier in the day, and managing constipation if present, as this can impact bladder function. Pelvic health physiotherapy can also provide support. A pelvic health physio can help set up and explain how to use a bedwetting alarm, making sure families feel confident from the start. We guide you on where to place the sensor, how to respond when it goes off, and what steps to follow overnight to build consistency. We also help troubleshoot common challenges and adjust the plan if needed, to improve the chances of success. Alongside this, we provide education and a structured plan tailored to the child and family, helping to support progress and confidence over time.

Sexual health is an important part of overall wellbeing, yet it is something many men find difficult to talk about. One factor that is often overlooked is the role of the pelvic floor in sexual function. The pelvic floor is a group of muscles at the base of the pelvis. In men, these muscles help support the bladder and bowel, and they also play a key role in erections, ejaculation, and sexual sensation. When these muscles are not functioning well - whether they are too tight, too weak, or not coordinating properly - it can contribute to sexual difficulties. Some men may experience erectile dysfunction, difficulty maintaining an erection, changes in ejaculation, reduced sensation, or discomfort during or after sex. These concerns can occur at any stage of life and are more common than many people realise. There are a range of factors that can affect pelvic floor function. Stress and anxiety can increase muscle tension, while surgery (such as prostate surgery), prolonged sitting, or chronic pelvic pain can also play a role. Often, it is a combination of factors rather than a single cause. It is also important to recognise the role of the mind-body connection. Stress, performance anxiety, and emotional wellbeing can all influence sexual function. Addressing both the physical and psychological aspects of health often leads to the best outcomes. Pelvic health physiotherapy can help identify how the pelvic floor is functioning and guide treatment. This may include exercises to improve strength or relaxation, breathing techniques, and strategies to reduce tension and improve coordination. Education and small changes can often make a meaningful difference. Sexual dysfunction in men is common, and support is available. Understanding the connection between the pelvic floor and sexual health can be an important step toward improving confidence, comfort, and overall wellbeing.